如何在学术写作或科技文献中区辨 affect和 effect？由于affect 和 effect 这两个词，它们都各有名词和动词的形式，且两种词性各有不同的意义。再者，这两个字在拼写上只差一个字母，连发音也很接近，相当容易造成混淆。虽然它们看起来相似，但一旦误用，将完全改变句子的意思。

基本意思

‘Affect’常用作动词。这意味着要影响某事。

例如：

Diet affects a person’s risk of cancer.

Diet 积极影响 a person’s risk of cancer.

‘Effect’是一个名词。它表示结果，即操作的结果。

例如：

An effect of global warming is poorer air quality.

我们正在描述一个动作（global warming）的结果（poorer air quality）。

‘Affect’ 和 ‘Effect’通常可以互换

X has an effect on Y.

X is affected by Y.

这些陈述具有相同的含义。

快速提醒动词时态

请记住，“affect”常作动词使用，而“effect”常用作名词。下表仅适用于“affect”。有关更多信息，请参阅我们之前的文章：科学文献中动词时态的应用。

识别名词的快速方法

请记住，‘effect’作为名词，可能会以定冠词/不定冠词开头，例如‘an effect’, ‘its effect’, ‘the effect’ …等。

替代动词/名词

当你不知道到底该怎么使用这两个单词的时候，使用替代的动词/名词会有所帮助。如果使用替代动词保留了语句的含义，则“affect”是正确的。如果使用替代名词保留了语句的含义，则“effect”是正确的。

科技文献中使用这两个单词的真实示例

• Sleep deprivation negatively affects various cognitive performances.
• The effect of resistance exercise on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes is unclear.
• In this study, we focused on events of severe water limitation that affect ecosystem structure and functioning.
• The potential difference between the model alloys and aluminum was affected by pH value.
• We investigated the effects of temperature on thermophilic anaerobic digestion of cattle manure.
• Global warming will affect the genetic diversity and uniqueness of Lycaena hellepopulations.
• All cultivars grown were affected at approximately 5 to 35% symptomatic plants per field.
• In this study, we examine the factors affecting biomass enzymatic reactivity.
• The high molecular weight glutenin subunits were the most affected.
• Aspirin has shown a protective effect in population-based studies.
• Naturally occurring VHL mutations have been evaluated to determine their effect on HIF-a ubiquitination.
• A favorable effect of high intakes of milk and yogurt has been suggested by a hospital-based case-control study.
• In addition to its effect on p53 checkpoint function, deletion of p14AR7 also affects the expression of p27.

在区辨这两个词的时候，大家可以参考以下这条规则：affect 常作为动词使用，而 effect 则常用作名词。

参考文献：

https://www.internationalscienceediting.com/affect-or-effect/