撰写科技论文-关注三个关键方面
时间:2018.01.04 浏览:939次 作者: 来源:
1. 关注文章想要“传达的要点”（take-home message）
文章的核心信息是什么？
读完你的论文后，想让读者记住的最重要的事情是什么？
你能否在一分钟内向同事描述论文的核心信息？
你是否可以用3-5个关键要点概述文章？
能否用一句话总结你的文章？
你能用图形的形式表达核心信息吗？
2. 使用清晰，简洁的文字
保持简短的句子。
每句话写一个重要点。
避免不必要的重复。
多使用主动语态，而不是被动语态。
“The expression of X was determined …” = Passive voice ✘
“We determined the expression of X …” = Active voice ✓
“Glucose [subject], which is made during photosynthesis from … , is [verb] a simple sugar.” ✘
“Glucose [subject] is [verb] a simple sugar that is made during photosynthesis from … ” ✓
“XX hospital established a medical services efficiency evaluation index system.” ✘
“XX hospital established an index system that evaluated the efficiency of their medical services.” ✓
像讲故事一样娓娓道来
你为什么决定做这个实验？ →怎么做的？ →发现了什么？ →你的发现有什么意义？
使用路标来指引读者阅读故事
“In experiment 1, we showed that XXX. To elucidate the mechanism for this, we then … “
不要让读者不知道你是如何得出假设/结论的
Example: Sodium suppresses podocyte apoptosis; therefore, since X and sodium have similar chemical structures, the purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-apoptotic activity of X in podocytes.
Revision: Sodium suppresses podocyte apoptosis. X has a similar chemical structure to sodium. Therefore, we hypothesised that X would also suppress apoptosis in podocytes.
修改后的版本给出了作者如何得出这一假设的逻辑循序渐进的说明。
文章的核心信息是什么？
读完你的论文后，想让读者记住的最重要的事情是什么？
你能否在一分钟内向同事描述论文的核心信息？
你是否可以用3-5个关键要点概述文章？
能否用一句话总结你的文章？
你能用图形的形式表达核心信息吗？
2. 使用清晰，简洁的文字
保持简短的句子。
每句话写一个重要点。
避免不必要的重复。
多使用主动语态，而不是被动语态。
“The expression of X was determined …” = Passive voice ✘
“We determined the expression of X …” = Active voice ✓
句子当中的主语和谓语尽量靠近
“Glucose [subject], which is made during photosynthesis from … , is [verb] a simple sugar.” ✘
“Glucose [subject] is [verb] a simple sugar that is made during photosynthesis from … ” ✓
尽量避免名词长字符串
“XX hospital established a medical services efficiency evaluation index system.” ✘
“XX hospital established an index system that evaluated the efficiency of their medical services.” ✓
3. 讲故事
像讲故事一样娓娓道来
你为什么决定做这个实验？ →怎么做的？ →发现了什么？ →你的发现有什么意义？
使用路标来指引读者阅读故事
“In experiment 1, we showed that XXX. To elucidate the mechanism for this, we then … “
不要让读者不知道你是如何得出假设/结论的
Example: Sodium suppresses podocyte apoptosis; therefore, since X and sodium have similar chemical structures, the purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-apoptotic activity of X in podocytes.
Revision: Sodium suppresses podocyte apoptosis. X has a similar chemical structure to sodium. Therefore, we hypothesised that X would also suppress apoptosis in podocytes.
修改后的版本给出了作者如何得出这一假设的逻辑循序渐进的说明。
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